GPS技術在公路工程測量中的分析及應用
中國測試期刊
曹康健
（中山大學遙感與地理信息工程系，廣東 廣州 510275）
摘 要：以公路隧道施工GPS控制網的建立及測量數據為例，在GPS控制測量的理論基礎上和相關技術規范條件下，論述隧道貫通新的測量方法。對該隧道GPS平面控制網進行測量研究，介紹GPS測量中基礎環境控制網的建立與布網方法，在實施處理過程中通過對GPS定位、利用Ashtech Solutions進行GPS數據采集后數據精度處理，來分析該技術在隧道貫通平面控制測量方面的實際應用方法與過程，采用點觀測模式時，不同點必須采用不同基線、同步環和異步環的數據檢驗，在算法上采用約束平差進行誤差分析與計算。該法在使用便捷和測量精度上比傳統測量方法功能更強大、更精確，為后期利用GPS技術進行進行隧道貫通平面控制測量提供幫助。
關鍵詞：GPS技術；公路工程；工程測量；控制網
中圖分類號：P228.4；U416；U459；TP274+.2 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-5124（2013）04-0031-05
Analysis and application of GPS-technology in highway engineering measurement
CAO Kang-jian
（Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Engineering，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China）
Abstract: Taking the establishment and measurement data of GPS control network for the highway construction of highway tunnel as an example， the authors discusses the new measuring method of tunnel through on the basis of GPS control theory and under the conditions of related technical specification. The tunnel GPS plane control network was measured， and the establishment and deployment of environmental control network in GPS measurements were introduced. The application methods and process of this technology for the plane control surveying in tunnel were carried out by analyzing GPS positioning and processing the accuracy of GPS data obtained by the Ashtech Solutions in the implementation process. When the observation mode was used， different point must be tested with different data of baseline， synchronous ring and asynchronous ring， and the algorithm of the constraint adjustment error was used to analyze and calculate. This method will be more powerful and precise in ease of use and accuracy than the traditional measurement method， and will be helpful for using GPS technology to through horizontal control survey for tunnel.
Key words: GPS technology； highway engineering； engineering measurement； control network
